Vitamin D Deficiency Rising Among Indians, Teenagers Most Affected

NEW DELHI: A recent survey has revealed a significant prevalence of Vitamin D deficiency among the Indian population, with teenagers being the most affected group. Conducted by Metropolis Healthcare Limited, the survey highlights the need for enhanced preventive measures, better nutrition, and regular health screenings.

The survey, which involved 2.2 million participants across the country, indicated that states such as Kerala and Tamil Nadu report particularly high deficiency rates. Notably, the survey found that there is minimal difference in deficiency levels between men and women, yet a concerning trend persists.

Data from the survey shows that national Vitamin D deficiency rates have seen a slight improvement, decreasing from approximately 51% in 2019-20 to 43% in 2023-24. Vitamin D is vital for regulating calcium and phosphate levels in the body, and its deficiency can result in serious health issues, including bone deformities in children and bone pain in adults.

The findings suggest that lifestyle factors, including urban living, reduced sun exposure, and poor dietary choices, are significant contributors to the rising deficiency, rather than geographical location alone. According to the survey results, 46.5% of those tested between 2019 and 2025 exhibited Vitamin D deficiency, with an additional 26% showing insufficient levels, indicating a widespread inadequacy among health-conscious individuals.

Regionally, South India reported the highest deficiency rates at 51.6%, with states like Kerala, Puducherry, and Tamil Nadu surpassing the 50% mark. Central India followed closely with a deficiency rate of 48.1%, while North India recorded 44.9%. Western India, including Maharashtra, showed relatively better sufficiency levels at 42.9%, and the North-East region reported the lowest deficiency rate at 36.9%, likely due to more outdoor lifestyles and diverse dietary habits.

Teenagers were found to be particularly vulnerable, with a deficiency rate of 66.9%, pointing to a critical health issue among the youth that requires greater attention. The gender gap in deficiency levels has narrowed, with women at 46.9% and men at 45.8%, suggesting improved access to nutrition and health diagnostics for women.

Surendran Chemmenkotil, Managing Director of Metropolis Healthcare Limited, stated, "Vitamin D deficiency is one of the most overlooked health challenges in India today. Its effects are silent but far-reaching, impacting bone health, immunity, and overall well-being."

Dr Kirti Chadha, Chief Scientific and Innovation Officer at Metropolis Healthcare Limited, explained that Vitamin D is essential for various bodily functions, including bone mineralisation and immune regulation. "The deficiency often goes unnoticed until individuals experience symptoms like fatigue, weakness, or frequent illness. It is crucial to test calcium and parathyroid hormone levels to identify the underlying causes of Vitamin D deficiency or insufficiency," she added.

Despite the declining rates over the past six years, the survey underscores the importance of continued routine testing, nutritional interventions, and public awareness to mitigate long-term health risks. Experts recommend that individuals exhibiting symptoms such as fatigue, muscle weakness, or depression seek testing. Factors contributing to deficiency include inadequate sun exposure and poor dietary intake, while treatment typically involves supplements and fortified foods.