Oral Cancer Awareness: Non-Tobacco Users at Risk in India

Oral cancer represents a significant health concern in India, accounting for approximately 30 to 40 per cent of all cancer cases. While tobacco consumption is commonly attributed as the primary cause, health experts warn that non-tobacco users are also susceptible to this disease. The condition typically affects areas such as the lips, buccal mucosa, and tongue.

Recent insights from medical professionals suggest that untreated dental issues may contribute to oral cancer risks among non-tobacco users. Conditions like sharp teeth, which can create ulcers, and neglected mouth sores could potentially lead to cancerous developments. According to cancer specialists, no definitive research has established tobacco as the sole cause of oral cancer.

Data released by the Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR) indicates that approximately 100 individuals per 100,000 in the Indian population are diagnosed with cancer. The oncology department at King George’s Medical University in Lucknow treats around 4,000 cancer patients annually, with a yearly increase of 10 to 15 per cent. Similarly, Ram Manohar Lohia Institute of Medical Sciences, also located in Lucknow, reports about 4,000 patients each year.

National Cancer Awareness Day, observed on November 7, serves to honour the legacy of Marie Curie, while also raising public awareness about cancer prevention, early detection, and treatment options. The day aims to promote healthier lifestyles and encourage people to recognise warning signs of cancer, as well as utilise available screening services.

Dr Rajeev Gupta, the head of the radiation oncology department, has noted a worrying trend: patients who do not use tobacco products are still presenting with oral cancer. He emphasised the importance of maintaining good oral hygiene, cautioning that sharp teeth can lead to wounds that may go unaddressed.

Professor Ashish Singhal, who leads the surgical oncology department at Ram Manohar Lohia Institute of Medical Sciences, reported that 30 to 40 per cent of patients visiting the oncology outpatient department are diagnosed with oral cancer. He reiterated that non-tobacco users could develop this condition due to neglecting oral ulcers or sores caused by sharp teeth. However, he pointed out that no comprehensive studies exist that definitively identify the causes of oral cancer in both tobacco and non-tobacco users.

On average, around 100 patients visit the oncology outpatient department daily, with approximately 5 per cent of oral cancer cases linked to the Human Papillomavirus (HPV). Currently, there is no vaccine available for males, although females can receive the HPV vaccine, which is effective in preventing cervical cancer.

Dr Vivek Malhotra, a local surgical oncologist, identified several key factors contributing to oral cancer among non-tobacco users, including poor oral hygiene, sharp teeth, HPV, as well as environmental and genetic influences. He advised that any mouth ulcers or sores persisting for longer than four weeks should prompt a visit to a healthcare professional for further evaluation and testing.